[4] Brevi spatio interiecto, vix ut iis rebus quas constituissent conlocandis atque administrandis tempus daretur, hostes ex omnibus partibus signo dato decurrere, lapides gaesaque in vallum coicere.

Eng: A short time after the council, with little time available for implementing their plans and preparations, the enemy, upon receiving a signal, rushed forth from all directions, hurling stones and javelins at the rampart.

华文: 有一段短暂的时间，仅够他们安排并应对紧急情况，就在敌人发出信号后，从各个方向冲下来，投掷石块和长矛到壁垒上。

Commentary: The Latin phrases "brevi spatio interiecto," "decurrere," and "coicere" vividly portray the swift and intense actions of the adversaries.

Nostri primo integris viribus fortiter propugnare neque ullum flustra telum ex loco superiore mittere, et quaecumque pars castrorum nudata defensoribus premi videbatur, eo occurrere et auxilium ferre, sed hoc superari quod diuturnitate pugnae hostes defessi proelio excedebant, alii integris viribus succedebant; quarum rerum a nostris propter paucitatem fieri nihil poterat, ac non modo defesso ex pugna excedendi, sed ne saucio quidem eius loci ubi constiterat relinquendi ac sui recipiendi facultas dabatur.

Eng: Our troops initially fought courageously with their full strength, not allowing any enemy missiles to be sent in vain from higher ground. They rushed to any part of the fortifications that appeared to be undermanned and provided assistance. However, we were at a disadvantage because, due to the prolonged nature of the battle, the exhausted enemy would withdraw from combat and be replaced by fresh forces. Given our small numbers, we could not manage this situation, and there was no opportunity for the wounded to leave their post, let alone any retreat or repositioning for those who held their ground.

华文: 我方一开始全力坚决地抵抗，没有一个武器白费，而且一旦看到壁垒的任何部分缺乏防御者，就立即冲过去提供援助。但敌人因为战斗的持续时间而感到疲惫，那些充满活力的人逐渐替代了疲惫的人。因为我们数量有限，无法完成这些任务，伤员甚至无法撤离战斗地点。

Commentary: This passage speaks to the strategic dynamics of ancient warfare. It underscores the advantage of having reserves to relieve tired troops, a luxury the Romans couldn't afford due to their limited numbers.

[5] Cum iam amplius horis sex continenter pugnaretur, ac non solum vires sed etiam tela nostros deficerent, atque hostes acrius instarent languidioribusque nostris vallum scindere et fossas complere coepissent, resque esset iam ad extremum perducta casum, P. Sextius Baculus, primi pili centurio, quem Nervico proelio compluribus confectum vulneribus diximus, et item C. Volusenus, tribunus militum, vir et consilii magni et virtutis, ad Galbam accurrunt atque unam esse spem salutis docent, si eruptione facta extremum auxilium experirentur.

Eng: After we had been continuously battling for over six hours, and not only our strength but also our weapons were running low, while the enemy was pressing more fiercely, tearing down our defenses, and filling our trenches with greater vigor, and the situation had been brought to an extreme point, P. Sextius Baculus, the centurion of the first rank, whom we had previously mentioned to have suffered multiple severe wounds in the Nervic battle, and C. Volusenus, a military tribune renowned for his great wisdom and bravery, rushed to Galba, explaining that there was one last hope for salvation – to attempt a breakout.

华文: 当我们已经持续作战了六个多小时，不仅力量，还有武器都快要用尽，敌人加大了攻势，势必要击穿我们的壁垒并填满壕沟。情势已经极度危急，P. Sextius Baculus，即第一百夫长，他在和内尔维人的那场战斗中多次受伤，而且还伤得很重，以及军团军官C. Volusenus，一位聪明而勇敢的人，冲到加尔巴面前，告诉他如果试图突围，或许还有一线生机。

Commentary: An "eruption" (eruptione) refers to a daring maneuver where the Roman forces would make a sudden and desperate break from their fortified position in an attempt to escape the encircling enemy. It was essentially a high-stakes, all-or-nothing gamble.

Itaque convocatis centurionibus celeriter milites certiores facit, paulisper intermitterent proelium ac tantum modo tela missa exciperent seque ex labore reficerent, post dato signo ex castris erumperent, atque omnem spem salutis in virtute ponerent.

Eng: Accordingly, after summoning the centurions, he quickly informed the soldiers that they should briefly pause the battle, only intercepting incoming projectiles, and use this respite to restore their strength. He then ordered them to break out from the camp once the signal was given, placing their entire hope of salvation in their courage.

华文: 因此，他迅速召集了百夫长，告知士兵，暂停战斗片刻，只用来抵挡敌人的攻势，并让他们休息片刻，然后在信号发出后，突围出营，把所有的生机寄托在他们的勇气上。

Commentary: The capability of Centurions which are not only skilled fighters but also effective leaders who could influence the troops' morale and discipline is shown here.

[6] Quod iussi sunt faciunt, ac subito omnibus portis eruptione facta neque cognoscendi quid fieret neque sui colligendi hostibus facultatem relinquunt. Ita commutata fortuna eos qui in spem potiundorum castrorum venerant undique circumventos intercipiunt, et ex hominum milibus amplius XXX, quem numerum barbarorum ad castra venisse constabat, plus tertia parte interfecta reliquos perterritos in fugam coiciunt ac ne in locis quidem superioribus consistere patiuntur.

Eng: They do as ordered, and suddenly, an eruption is made from all the gates, leaving no opportunity for the enemy to understand what was happening or to regroup. In this way, the tables turned, and those who had come with the hope of capturing the camp surrounded from all sides, intercepting them. Of the more than 30,000 men that it was known had come to the camp, over a third were killed. The rest, terrified, were driven into flight, and not even allowed to stop on higher ground.

华文: 根据命令，他们采取了行动，突然从所有门口冲出，没有时间去了解发生了什么，也没有机会收拾自己以逃避敌人的袭击。于是，他们的命运发生了逆转，那些希望占领敌营的人，被从四面八方包围，无法逃脱，而被确认到达敌营的约三万人中，超过三分之一被杀害，余下的人被吓得四散逃跑，甚至不允许他们在高地站稳脚跟。

Commentary: This is a common theme in Roman warfare - their ability to create chaos and confusion among their foes, exploiting the element of surprise. These sudden reversals in battle were often key to Roman success.

Sic omnibus hostium copiis fusis armisque exutis se intra munitiones suas recipiunt. Quo proelio facto, quod saepius fortunam temptare Galba nolebat atque alio se in hiberna consilio venisse meminerat, aliis occurrisse rebus videbat, maxime frumenti [commeatusque] inopia permotus postero die omnibus eius vici aedificiis incensis in provinciam reverti contendit, ac nullo hoste prohibente aut iter demorante incolumem legionem in Nantuates, inde in Allobroges perduxit ibique hiemavit.

Eng: Thus, with all the enemy forces routed, their weapons stripped from them, they retreated within their fortifications. After this battle, Galba, who did not wish to test his luck too often and remembered that he had come for other purposes, saw that he had encountered different circumstances. Especially moved by the lack of grain supplies, the next day he swiftly set out for the province, leaving nothing but ashes after setting fire to all the buildings of that village. Without any enemy preventing or delaying his journey, he safely led the legion through the Nantuates and then into the Allobroges, where they spent the winter.

华文: 如此，敌人的所有军队都溃不成军，被剥夺了武器，他们逃回了他们的防御工事。经过这场战斗，加尔巴觉得自己已经足够多次考验过命运，而且已经达到了另一个进军计划的地方。受到粮食和补给匮乏的严重影响，第二天，他又决定返回省份，没有受到任何敌人的阻碍或干扰。他平安地将军队带回了南陶特人的地盘，然后转入阿洛布洛吉地区，并在那里过冬。

Commentary: Galba's approach in this passage demonstrates the pragmatic and strategic thinking often required. In times of scarcity, military commanders had to make tough decisions to secure their forces' safety and achieve their objectives.